陕西省实施《中华人民共和国母婴保健法》办法
陕西省人大常委会
陕西省实施《中华人民共和国母婴保健法》办法
陕西省人民代表大会常务委员会
陕西省第九届人民代表大会常务委员会公告(第三十三号)
（2001年4月1日陕西省第九届人民代表大会常务委员会第二十二次会议通过，自2001年7月1日起施行）
第一章 总则
第一条 为了实施《中华人民共和国母婴保健法》（以下简称《母婴保健法》），结合本省实际，制定本办法。
第二条 本省行政区域内的组织和个人均应遵守本办法。
第三条 母婴保健工作坚持以保健为中心、防治结合、面向母婴群体和面向基层的原则。
第四条 各级人民政府应当将母婴保健事业纳入本地区国民经济和社会发展计划。各级财政统筹安排对母婴保健事业的投入，为母婴保健事业的发展提供必要的经费，对边远贫困地区的母婴保健事业给予重点扶持。
县级以上人民政府应当设立母婴保健事业发展专项资金。
第五条 县级以上人民政府卫生行政部门主管本行政区域内的母婴保健工作。
县级以上人民政府发展计划、民政、计划生育、财政、公安等有关行政部门在各自职责范围内，配合卫生行政部门做好母婴保健工作。
第二章 婚前保健
第六条 实行婚前医学检查制度，具体办法由省人民政府制定。
第七条 开展婚前医学检查的母婴保健服务机构应当分别设置男、女婚前医学检查室，配备常规检查和专科检查设备以及合格的男、女专职医师。
第八条 婚前医学检查的项目，按照国务院卫生行政部门的规定执行，不得擅自增加婚前医学检查项目。
第九条 母婴保健服务机构对婚前医学检查中不能确诊的项目，应当转至上级卫生行政部门许可的母婴保健服务机构进行确诊。
第十条 母婴保健服务机构应当按照检查的实际结果，向接受婚前医学检查的当事人出具婚前医学检查证明。婚前医学检查证明有效期为三个月。
第十一条 母婴保健服务机构在婚前医学检查中发现当事人患有艾滋病、淋病、梅毒以及医学上认为影响结婚和生育的其他传染病在传染期内或者有关精神病在发病期内的，医师应当提出医学意见，当事人应当暂缓结婚。
对诊断患有医学上认为不宜生育的严重遗传性疾病的，医师应当向当事人说明情况，提出医学意见，经男女双方同意，采取长效避孕措施或者施行绝育手术后不生育的，方可登记结婚。但《中华人民共和国婚姻法》规定禁止结婚的除外。
第十二条 经卫生行政部门许可的县级母婴保健服务机构，应当在边远地区开展巡回婚前医学检查服务。
第十三条 婚前医学检查收费标准，由省价格主管部门会同省卫生行政部门制定，母婴保健服务机构不得提高收费标准。
对边远贫困地区或者交费确有困难的人员，应当减免收费。
第三章 孕产期保健
第十四条 母婴保健服务机构按照当地卫生行政部门划定的服务区域和职责，为孕产妇提供下列各项孕产期保健服务：
（一）医学生殖健康服务；
（二）建立孕妇保健手册（卡），定期进行产前检查；
（三）孕期自我保健指导；
（四）对高危孕产妇进行重点监护、随访；
（五）胎儿生长发育监护；
（六）安全分娩技术服务；
（七）定期进行产后访视，指导产妇科学哺乳；
（八）避孕、科学育儿等方面的指导；
（九）省级以上卫生行政部门规定的其他孕产期保健服务。
第十五条 孕妇应当在怀孕十二周内到母婴保健服务机构定期接受产前检查、孕产期保健教育和医学指导。
筛查出的高危孕产妇应当到有条件的母婴保健服务机构接受产前检查和监护。
第十六条 孕妇有下列情形之一的，应当进行产前诊断：
（一）羊水过多或者过少；
（二）胎儿发育异；蛘咛ザ赡苡谢危?
（三）孕早期接触过可能导致胎儿先天缺陷的物质；
（四）有遗传病家族史或者曾经分娩过先天性严重缺陷的婴儿；
（五）年龄超过三十五周岁的初产妇；
（六）多次流产、死胎、死产，原因不明的；
（七）省级以上卫生行政部门规定的其他情形。
第十七条 经产前诊断，有下列情形之一的，医师应当向夫妻双方说明情况，并提出终止妊娠的医学意见：
（一）胎儿患严重遗传性疾病的；
（二）胎儿有严重缺陷的；
（三）孕妇患严重疾病，继续妊娠可能危及孕妇生命安全或者严重危害孕妇健康的。
第十八条 依照《母婴保健法》规定施行终止妊娠或者结扎手术的，其手术费用由县级人民政府负责解决。
第十九条 生育过严重遗传病患儿或者严重缺陷患儿的妇女再次妊娠前，夫妻双方应当到省卫生行政部门指定的母婴保健服务机构接受医学检查。母婴保健服务机构应当出具诊断证明。
第二十条 推行孕产妇住院分娩。
没有条件住院分娩的，应当由持证的家庭接生员为其接生。
高危孕妇应当到有条件的母婴保健服务机构住院分娩。
第二十一条 严禁采用技术手段对胎儿进行性别鉴定。但怀疑胎儿为伴性遗传病、严重Ｘ连锁智力低下的，必须由具有遗传病诊断、产前诊断专项技术服务资格的母婴保健服务机构提出意见，确需对胎儿进行性别鉴定的，经设区的市卫生行政部门批准。
第二十二条 母婴保健服务机构和家庭接生员，对所接生的新生儿，应当按照有关规定出具出生医学证明。
第二十三条 母婴保健服务机构和家庭接生员对孕产妇和婴儿死亡以及新生儿出生缺陷的情况，应当按照国务院有关规定向卫生行政部门报告。
第四章 婴儿保健
第二十四条 提倡母乳喂养。
母婴保健服务机构应当为母乳喂养婴儿提供技术指导。
不得安排哺乳期女职工从事乳母禁忌的工作，并应当按照国家有关规定提供必要的哺乳条件。
第二十五条 母婴保健服务机构应当提供下列婴儿医疗保健服务；
（一）科学育儿的医学指导和咨询；
（二）建立婴儿保健手册，进行新生儿家庭访视；
（三）婴儿的定期体检和预防接种；
（四）体弱、伤残、弱智婴儿的康复保健服务；
（五）婴儿眼、耳、口腔保健服务；
（六）婴儿常见病、多发病的防治；
（七）促进婴儿神经、精神发育的保健服务；
（八）省卫生行政部门规定的其他保健服务。
第二十六条 实行新生儿疾病筛查制度。
有产科的母婴保健服务机构负责新生儿疾病筛查的取样和送检工作。新生儿疾病筛查中心负责新生儿疾病的筛查、诊断、治疗和随访工作。
设立新生儿疾病筛查中心，须经省卫生行政部门审查批准。
第二十七条 新生儿出生之日起后三十日内，其监护人应当到新生儿居住地的母婴保健服务机构进行登记，建立婴儿保健手册，接受婴儿系列保健服务。
第五章 技术鉴定
第二十八条 县级以上人民政府设立母婴保健医学技术鉴定委员会，其成员由卫生行政部门提名，报同级人民政府聘任。
母婴保健医学技术鉴定委员会，负责对本行政区域内有异议的婚前医学检查、遗传病诊断、产前诊断结果，进行医学技术鉴定。
第二十九条 母婴保健医学技术鉴定实行县级、设区的市级、省级三级鉴定制度。省母婴保健医学技术鉴定委员会的鉴定结论为最终鉴定结论。
第三十条 当事人对母婴保健服务机构出具的婚前医学检查、遗传病诊断、产前诊断结果持有异议的，可以在接到检查、诊断结果之日起十五日内，向当地同级母婴保健医学技术鉴定委员会提出书面的鉴定申请，并提交相关的资料。
第三十一条 母婴保健医学技术鉴定委员会应当在收到鉴定申请之日起三十日内做出医学技术鉴定，出具医学鉴定结论；特殊情况，不得超过九十日，并应当及时通知当事人延期事由。
当事人对鉴定结论有异议的，可以在收到鉴定结论之日起十五日内，向上一级母婴保健医学技术鉴定委员会申请重新鉴定。
第三十二条 母婴保健医学技术鉴定费用，由申请人预付；根据鉴定结论，由责任人承担。
母婴保健医学技术鉴定收费标准，由省价格主管部门会同省卫生行政部门制定。
第六章 管理与监督
第三十三条 县级以上卫生行政部门履行下列监督管理职责：
（一）制定并组织实施本地区母婴保健工作发展规划和计划；
（二）对《母婴保健法》及本办法的执行情况进行监督检查；
（三）制定母婴保健工作规范和技术管理措施；
（四）对母婴保健服务机构进行考核、发证；
（五）对从事母婴保健技术服务的人员和家庭接生员进行培训、考核、发证；
（六）组织开展母婴保健的科学研究，推广科技成果，普及母婴保健科学知识。
第三十四条 县级以上卫生行政部门可以指定母婴保健服务机构，负责本行政区域内母婴保健业务工作的监测和技术指导。
第三十五条 母婴保健服务机构开展母婴保健专项技术服务，应当按照下列规定经卫生行政部门许可，取得母婴保健技术服务执业许可证：
（一）开展结扎手术和终止妊娠手术以及助产技术服务的，必须经县级卫生行政部门许可；
（二）开展婚前医学检查的，必须经设区的市级卫生行政部门许可；
（三）开展遗传病诊断、产前诊断和涉外婚姻婚前医学检查的，必须经省卫生行政部门许可。
第三十六条 从事《母婴保健法》规定的遗传病诊断、产前诊断和婚前医学检查的人员，必须经省卫生行政部门的考核，取得母婴保健技术考核合格证书。
从事结扎手术、终止妊娠手术和助产技术服务的人员，必须经县级卫生行政部门考核，取得母婴保健技术考核合格证。
第三十七条 未取得母婴保健技术服务执业许可证的机构、未取得母婴保健技术考核合格证的人员，不得从事相应的母婴保健技术服务。
第三十八条 从事母婴保健工作的人员应当严格遵守职业道德，为当事人保守秘密。
第七章 法律责任
第三十九条 违反《母婴保健法》和本办法规定，未取得母婴保健技术服务执业许可证的机构、未取得母婴保健技术考核合格证的人员，有下列行为之一的，由县级以上卫生行政部门责令改正，给予警告，可以并处500元以上5000元以下罚款；情节严重的，处5000元以上20000元以下罚款：
（一）从事婚前医学检查、遗传病诊断、产前诊断和接生的；
（二）施行终止妊娠手术或者进行胎儿性别鉴定的；
（三）出具婚前医学检查证明、新生儿出生医学证明的。
第四十条 从事母婴保健服务工作的人员违反本办法规定，出具虚假医学证明或者进行胎儿性别鉴定的，由卫生行政部门给予行政处分；情节严重的，依法取消执业资格。
无业人员、个体行医人员非法进行胎儿性别鉴定的，由卫生行政部门责令停止违法行为，没收违法所得、没收非法财物，并处5000元以上20000元以下罚款；情节严重，构成犯罪的，由司法机关依法追究刑事责任。
第四十一条 母婴保健服务机构和从事家庭接生的人员违反本办法规定，未按规定报告孕产妇死亡、婴儿死亡以及新生儿出生缺陷情况的，由县级以上卫生行政部门责令改正，并对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人处以100元以上500元以下罚款。
第四十二条 母婴保健服务机构及其工作人员不按《母婴保健法》和本办法规定提供母婴保健技术服务的，由同级卫生行政部门责令限期改正；逾期不改正的，由所在单位或者上级主管部门对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人给予行政处分。
第四十三条 卫生行政部门、有关部门的工作人员在母婴保健工作中滥用职权、玩忽职守、徇私舞弊的，由其所在单位或者上级主管部门给予行政处分；构成犯罪的，由司法机关依法追究刑事责任。
第四十四条 侮辱、威胁、殴打母婴保健工作人员或者以其他方式阻碍母婴保健工作正常进行的，由公安机关依照《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚条例》给予处罚；构成犯罪的，由司法机关依法追究刑事责任。
第四十五条 违反本办法的其他行为，法律、法规有处罚规定的，从其规定。
第四十六条 对个人罚款3000元以上，对单位罚款5000元以上，以及取消母婴保健工作人员执业资格的行政处罚，当事人有权要求举行听证。
第四十七条 当事人对行政处罚决定不服的，可依法申请行政复议或者提起行政诉讼。逾期既不申请行政复议，也不提起行政诉讼，又不履行行政处罚决定的，作出行政处罚决定的机关可以申请人民法院强制执行。
第八章 附则
第四十八条 本办法所称母婴保健服务机构，是指取得卫生行政部门颁发的母婴保健技术服务执业许可证的医疗机构和计划生育技术服务机构。
第四十九条 本办法自2001年7月1日起施行。
2001年4月1日
The Similar And Different Regulations
On Industrial Designs
Between China And Canada
He Zijing
Abstract:
With China entering WTO, more and more Chinese industrial designers want to apply internationally to register their designs outside China. This paper shows you the detailed comparison about regulations concerning industrial designs between China and Canada, gives some suggestions about the process to register internationally to protect Chinese applier. Some hints imposed on the difference between the two countries will help to improve our patent law.
KEYWORDS:
Industrial design, China, Canada
1. General introduction on industrial designs
1.1 What is an industrial design?
1.1.1 Of WIPO
An industrial design is the ornamental of aesthetic aspect of an article. The design may consist of three-dimensional features, such as the shape or surface of an article, or of two-dimensional features, such as patterns, lines or color. Industrial designs are applied to a wide variety of products of industry and handicraft. To be protected under most national laws, an industrial design must appeal to the eye. This means that an industrial design is primarily of an aesthetic nature, and does not protect any technical features of the article to which it is applied.
1.1.2 Of CHINA
Design in the Patent Law means any new design of the shape, the pattern or their combination, or the combination of the color with shape or pattern, of a product with creates an aesthetic feeling and it fits for industrial application.
1.1.3 Of CANADA
Design of industrial design means features of shape, configuration, pattern or ornament and any combination of those features that, in a finished article, appeal to and are judged solely by the eye.
1.2 Other forms of Intellectual Property
In China, Intellectual property can be generally classified as patent, copyright, trademark. Patents, or in other words, inventions-creations, mean inventions, utility models and designs. So that the designs are one of the subdivisions of patents.
Whereas, in Canada, in addition to industrial designs, there other forms of intellectual property, as patents, copyrights, and integrated circuit topographies. Hereby, patents cover new inventions (process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter), or any new and useful improvement of an existing invention. So that industrial designs have the equal statues to patents, as one of the subdivisions of intellectual property.
1.3 Why protect industrial designs?
Industrial designs are what make an article attractive and appealing; hence, they add to the commercial value of a product and increase its marketability.
When an industrial design is protected, the owner-the person or entity that has registered the design-is assured an exclusive right against unauthorized copying or imitation of the design by third parties. This helps to ensure a fair return on investment. An effective system of protection also benefits consumers and the public at large, by promoting fair competition and honest trade practices, encouraging creativity, and promoting more aesthetically attractive product.
Protecting industrial designs helps economic development, by encouraging creativity in the industrial and manufacturing sectors, as well as in the traditional arts and crafts. They contribute to the expansion of commercial activities and the export of national products.
Industrial designs can be relatively simple and inexpensive to develop and protect. They are reasonably accessible to small and medium-sized enterprises as well as to individual artists and craftsmen, in both industrialized and developing countries.
1.4 How can industrial designs be protected?
In most countries, an industrial design must be registered in order to be protected under Industrial Design Law. As for China, the regulations on design are under the Patent Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and its implementing regulations; As for Canada, The Industrial Design Act and Industrial Design Regulations details the regulations that govern design rights. As a general rule, to be registerable, the design must be “new” or “original”. Different countries have varying definitions of such terms, as well as variations in the registration process itself. Generally, “new” means that no identical or very similar design is known to have existed before.
Depending on the particular national law and the kind of design, an industrial design may also be protected as a work of art under copyright.
2.The main difference concerning registration
2.1 When to file an application
There is no time limit for filing an application as long as the design had never been published. The term “published” means that the design has been made public (even to your neighbors) or offered for commercial sale or use anywhere in the world. It is best to file an quickly as possible if publication has occurred.
In china, an design application does not lose its novelty where, within six months before the date of filing, one of the following events occurred: [1] where it was first exhibited at an international exhibition sponsored of recognized by the Chinese Government;[2]where it was first made public at a prescribed academic or technological meeting;[3]when it was disclosed by any person without the consent of the applicant.
In Canada, the design shall be refused to be registered if the application is filed more than one year after the publication of the design in Canada of somewhere.
2.2 who can apply?
Only the proprietor of a design may apply for and obtain registration for an industrial design both in China and Canada, while there exists little difference between the two countries on the question that who can be defined as proprietor.[1] usually you are considered the proprietor if you have created the design;[2] if you work together with other person to creat a design, you should file for registration as joint proprietors ( unless you are all working under contract or commission );[3] if you have acquired ownership of a design, then you may apply;[4] if you are employee of a company and develop design as part of your employment, then the employer may be the proprietor. In that case, only the employer may apply in Canada; while in china, the entity and the inventor or creator may enter into a contract in which the right to apply for and own the exclusive right is provided for;[5] if you have been hired under contract to develop design for someone else, then that person is the proprietor and is the only one entitled to apply for registration in Canada; whereas in that case in China, the right to apply for registration belongs, unless otherwise agreed upon, to the entity or individual that made the design.
2.3 What requirements to make designs registerable?
In Canada, the minister shall register the design if the minister finds that it is not identical with or dose not so closely resemble any other design already registered as to be confounded therewith, and shall return to the proprietor thereof the drawing or photograph and description with the certificate required.
In China, any design for which patent fight may be granted must not be identical with and similar to any design which, before the date of falling has been publicly disclosed in publications in the country or abroad or has been publicly used in the country, and must not be in conflict with any prior right of any other person.
2.4 What you cannot register?
In Canada, you cannot register the following under the Industrial Design Act: [1] Designs that are utilitarian only and which are not intended to provide visual appeal; [2] Designs that have no fixed appearance; [3] Designs for components that are not clearly visible; [4] a method of construction; [5] an idea; [6] materials used in the construction of an article; [7] the useful function of the article; or [8] color.
In China, for any of the following, no patent right shall be granted: [1] scientific discoveries;[2] rules and methods for mental activities;[3] methods for diagnoses or for the treatment for the diseases;[4] animal and plant varieties;[5] substances obtained by means of nuclear transformation.
From the above regulations, we can see that the Chinese regulations is more generic for all of the three types of creation-inventions; and the Canadian’s is more special in detail on designs. So we should absorb some of them in our implementing regulations of patent law.
2.5 searching of office record prior to filing an application
Prior to filing an application, you may wish to conduct a search of office records in order to better determine whether your design is truly new and original. This will give you the opportunity to see other registered designs. You should also keep your design confidential.
2.6 How long the process takes?
In Canada, the Office dose not register any design until six months after the date of filing. Normally it takes between eight and twelve months to have your application examined. While in china, there is no such kind of provisions concerning the term of process of designs.
2.7 Duration of protection
Both in the two countries, duration of protection of industrial designs is for ten-year term, while the beginning date is quite different. In Canada, it is the date of registration-usually six months after the date of filing; in china, it is the date of filing. Once the ten-year term has expired, anyone is free to make, import, rent or sell etc., the designs.
2.8 Extension of protection
In Canada, your application must include a description which identifies the features that constitute the design since the court may use your description to help determine the limits of protection for your design, you should word your description with care and precision. If your description is too broad, you may over-extend the scope of the design, and it may be impossible to enforce. If it is too narrow, you may limit the scope of the design or leave out features that you intended to protect.
